HomeMy WebLinkAbout002-940-08-2401-CUP-2003-013La Co
SAWYER COUNTY
NR 135
RECLAMATION PLAN
Created By:
SAWYER COUNTY
LAND & WATER
CONSERVATION
2003
LaCoy Pit Summary
April 2003
Applicant Name: Ken LaCoy Pit Name: LaCoy Pit
Address: 12018N Mos uito Brook Rd. Legal Description: SE'/a NW'/a Sec. S T40N R9W
Phone: {710 34.8609 Total Area of Mine: 20 acres
i . Minimal earthwork will be needed to achieve final slope angles since excavation won't exceed 12 inches. All
grading will be completed and resulting surfaces scarified prior to topsoil redistribution. Grading will be
accomplished to prevent ponding of water on the reclaimed surface. The topsoil will be placed and finished to
the required lines, grades and slopes.
2. Topsoil will be removed to a depth of 8-10 inches. Topsoil removal will be accomplished by scrapers or
bulldozers and haul trucks with the goal of recovering as much of the existing topsoil as possible. When
feasible, soil will be removed in a manner so as to minimize the surface area exposed to erosion at any one
time.
Topsoil that has been stripped from the site should be stockpiled on level ground and away from any slopes.
Stockpiles should be located in an area where they will be easy to access and out of the way to keep double
handling to a minimum.
3. Sequential interim reclamation will be done so as to minimize the area impacted and to reduce the fees. Once
a phase is completed and the area is stabilized Ken LaCoy will request of the Sawyer County Regulatory
authority that the area be considered temporarily reclaimed for the purposes of reduction of fees.
4. Exposed soils will be seeded with a cover crop and seed mixture to quickly revegetate the site and stabilize
the soils.
BUDGET
Reclamation is going to be done in 5-acre phases.
j Number of
Acres
Item
Unit Cost*
Total Cost*
5
5
Topsoil Redistribution and Gradin2
$53.10/hr
$132.75
$50.00
Seeder
$10.00/ac
5
Tractor
$15.00/ac
$75.00
5
25 Ibs Annual R e
$ 1.25/lb
$31.25
5
60 Ibs D.O,T. mix #20
$ 1.35/lb
$81.00
TOTAL*
$370.00
LIusi ale ❑aanu un t*wTja=
SAWYER COUNTY NR135 RECLAMATION PLAN
PLAN REQUIREMENTS Section 13.00 Sawyer Count non -Metallic Mining Reclamat]on Ordinance NMMRO .
1. Maps of the non-metallic mining site including the general location, property boundaries, the area, extent, geologic
composition and depth of the non-metallic mineral deposit, the distribution, thickness and type of topsoil, the
approximate elevation of ground water, the location of surface waters and the existing drainage patterns. (MNRO
Section 13.10(2)(a)),
Maps:
1. General Location and Information:
The LaCoy topsoil pit is located approximately 1/8 mile north of Rainbow Road in the Town of Bass
Lake, Sawyer County, Wisconsin. The pit is located in the E'/z, SE Y4, NW'/4, Section 8, Township 40
North, Range 9 West.
i Property Owner/Operator: Kenneth LaCoy
i 12018N Mosquito Brook Rd.
Hayward, WI 54843
(715) 634-8609
2. Property Boundaries:
Map1 is page 31 of the 2002 Sawyer County plat book and shows the property location and boundaries.
3. Areal Extent:
Map2 is a 1998 Orthophoto of the site and shows the proposed footprint of the site. Map2 illustrates
how phasing will occur in the mining operation. Each phase corresponds to a specific excavation period
where topsoil is removed and the pit is expanded.
Phase 1: Topsoil will be removed and sold.
Phase 2: Topsoil will be removed and a portion will be used to reclaim areas excavated during
Phase 1. The area that made up Phase 1 will be seeded with an approved seed mix.
Phase 3: Topsoil will be removed and a portion will be used to reclaim areas excavated during
Phase 2. The area that made up Phase 2 will be seeded with an approved seed mix.
Phase 4: Topsoil will be removed and a portion will be used to reclaim areas excavated during
Phase 3. The area that made up Phase 3 will be seeded with an approved seed mix.
Phase 5: Topsoil will be removed and a portion will be stockpiled to reclaim the area once phase 5
is complete. The area that made up Phase 5 will be seeded with an approved seed mix.
Any areas that were disturbed during mining and not yet reclaimed will be.
4. Existing Topography:
Map3 is a topographical map of the site shown in 10-foot contours.
Distribution, thickness and type of topsoil:
The topsoil is distributed evenly over the entire site to a depth of 8 to 10 inches. The topsoil consists of well -
drained sandy loam. Sawyer County's soil survey has not yet been completed and is currently unavailable.
--_mo
Approximate elevation of groundwater:
The approximate elevation of groundwater is unknown, A groundwater map is unavailable for Sawyer County.
{
Location of surface waters and existing drainage patterns:
Little Spring Lake is approximately 3060' NE, Mud Lake is approximately 2930' SW, and Rainbow Creek is
approximately 2345' SW of the site.
Please refer to Map3 for the location of surface waters and existing drainage patterns.
2. Information available to the mine operator on biological resources, plant communities, and wildlife use at and
adjacent to the proposed or operating mine site. (NMMRO Section 13 (2)(b)).
Do a site analysis of plant communities and wildlife in and around mine site. Make sure to determine
whether or not threatened or endangered species inhabit the site.
Biological and wildlife data was mainly determined by visual data. Wildlife usage is moderate (foraging) in the
croplands of the property. Main species present include rabbit, whitetail deer, sparrows, cardinals, and chickadee.
The biological resources at and adjacent to the site are typical of Northern WI farmland. Vegetation consists of a
crop rotation including: corn, small grains, and alfalfa.
No endangered species were observed using the area,
3. Location of manmade features on or near the site (NMMRO Section 13 (2)(d)).
Show the location of buildings towers, manmade berms, etc. on a plan view drawing,
There are no manmade features on or near the site.
4. The reclamation plan shall specify a proposed post -mining land use for the non-metallic mine site. The proposed
post -mining land use shall be consistent with local land use plans and local zoning at the time the plan is
submitted, unless a change to the land use plan or zoning is proposed. The proposed post -mining land use shall
also be consistent with all applicable local, state, or federal laws in effect at the time the plan is submitted.
(NMMRO Section 13 (3)(a)).
Proposed post -mining land use for the non-metallic mine site must take into account current land use and
land use needs at the time mining is completed. Survey the surrounding area to determine what is the
foreseeable land use for the area.
The proposed post -mining land use for the non-metallic mine site is a grassy meadow.
5. Land use for non-metallic mineral extraction in areas zoned under an exclusive agricultural use ordinance
pursuant to s. 91.75, Wis, Stats., shall be restored to agricultural use. (NMMRO Section 13 (3)(b)). Check for
participation in the Farmland Preservation Program
Farmland Preservation Program (circle one): YES NO X
6. A description of the proposed earthwork and reclamation, including final slope angles, high wall reduction,
benching, terracing and other structural slope stabilization measures. (NMMRO Section 13 (4)(a)). Final
reclaimed slopes covered by topsoil or topsoil substitute material may not be steeper than a 3:1
horizontal to vertical incline unless alternative requirements are approved under s. 18 (NMMRO), and
stable slopes can be demonstrated based on site specific engineering analysis (NMMRO Section 11(5)(b))
Minimal earthwork will be needed to achieve final slope angles since excavation won't exceed 12 inches. All
grading will be completed and resulting surfaces scarified prior to topsoil redistribution. Grading will be
accomplished to prevent ponding of water on the reclaimed surface. The topsoil will be placed and finished to the
required lines, grades and slopes.
The methods of topsoil or topsoil substitute material removal, storage, stabilization and conservation that will be
used during reclamation (NMMRO Section 13 (4)(b)).
Describe where topsoil and subsoil will be stripped, placed and stabilized.
Describe erosion control practices that will be used while soils are not stable (the Wisconsin
Construction Site Handbook is recommended for determining adequate erosion control practices for the
site).
Topsoil will be removed to a depth of 8-10 inches. Topsoil removal will be accomplished by scrapers or
bulldozers and haul trucks with the goal of recovering as much of the existing topsoil as possible. When feasible,
soil will be removed in a manner so as to minimize the surface area exposed to erosion at any one time.
Topsoil that has been stripped from the site should be stockpiled on level ground and away from any slopes.
Stockpiles should be located in an area where they will be easy to access and out of the way, to keep double
handling to a minimum.
8. A plan, which explains the anticipated topography of the reclaimed site and any water impoundments or artificial
lakes, needed to support the anticipated future land use of the site (NMMRO Section 13 (4)(c)).
The anticipated topography of the reclaimed site is approximately 12 inches lower than the current topography.
No water impoundments or artificial lakes are planned or needed for the future land use of the site.
9. A plan or map which shows surface structures, roads and related facilities after the cessation of mining (NMMRO
Section 13 (4)(d)).
A gravel access road will be constructed at the time mining begins and will remain after mining has ceased.
Please refer to Map2 for location of access road.
10. The estimated cost of reclamation for each stage of the project or the entire site if reclamation staging is not
planned (NMMRO Section 13 (4)(e)).
Reclamation is going to be done in 5-acre phases.
Number of
Acres
Item
To soil Redistribution and Grading
Unit Cost*
Total Cost*
5
$53.10/hr
$132.75
5
Seeder
$10.00/ac
$50.00
5
Tractor
$15,00/ac
$ 1.25/lb
$75.00
$31.25
5
25 Ibs Annual Rye
5
60 Ibs D.O,T. mix #20
$1.35/lb
$81.00
$370.00
TOTAL*
" cost are based on estimates
11. A revegetation plan shall include timing and methods of seed bed preparation, rates and kids of soil amendments,
seed application timing, methods and rates, mulching, netting and any other techniques needed to accomplish soil
and slope stabilization (NMMRO Section 13 (4)(f)).
Revegetation using a variety of plants indigenous (native) to the area is favored (NMMRO11(8)(e)).
The NRCS Critical Area Planting Standard 342 is recommended for depth of topsoil, seedbed preparation,
methods and rates (Attachment2).
The NRCS Mulching Standard 484 is recommended for mulching (Attachment3).
Seed will be applied to properly prepared soils at any time during the growing season when soil conditions are
suitable. Seeding activities will not be carried out immediately following rain, when ground is too dry or during
windy periods.
The areas will be seeded following the final grading and completion of each phase and all site preparation
activities. A soil test should be taken before planting to determine the proper amount, if any of fertilizer and/or
lime to be applied.
The seed mix will be D.O.T. #20 from the 1996 WI D.O.T. Standard Specification for Highway Construction
manual which consist of 6% Kentucky Bluegrass, 24% Hard Fescue, 40% Tall Fescue, and 30% Perennial
Ryegrass. A cover crop of annual rye or oats should also be planted during the spring and summer. Winter wheat
or winter rye should be planted as a cover crop after September 1.
Seeding can be done using a broadcast seeder or grain drill. The cover crops should be planted at a rate of:
Annual rye - 5 pounds per acre
Oats — 8 pounds per acre
Winter wheat — 8 pounds per acre
Winter rye — 5 pounds per acre
D.O.T. mix #20 should be planted at 12 pounds per acre.
12. Quantifiable standards for revegetation adequate to show that a sustainable stand of revegetation has been
established which would support the approved post -mining land use. Standards for revegetation may be based
on the percent vegetative cover, productivity, plant density, diversity, or other applicable measures (NMMRO
Section 13 (4)(g)).
Percent vegetative cover, productivity, plant density, diversity, or other applicable measures should be
based on preventing erosion.
A representative of the Sawyer County Land and Water Conservation will determine adequate revegetation using
percent vegetative cover. Since a primary objective of this work is to stabilize the site it is important to provide a
high degree of vegetative cover, as quickly as possible. This will result in greater protection of the soil from the
effects of raindrop impact, which will be absorbed by the vegetative "canopy". This protection translates into
reduced erosion and sedimentation.
13. A plan, and if necessary, a narrative showing Best Management Practices to be employed before and during non-
metallic mine operation. These shall address how to minimize erosion and pollution of the surface and
groundwater resources (NMMRO Section 13(4)0)).
Recommend using the Wisconsin Construction Site Handbook for determining adequate erosion control
practices for the site.
Exposed soils will be seeded with a cover crop and seed mixture to quickly revegetate the site and stabilize the
soils.
14. A plan and a narrative showing erosion control measures to be employed during reclamation activities. These
shall address how reclamation activities will be conducted to minimize erosion and pollution of surface and
groundwater (NMMRO Section 13 (4)(h)).
The Wisconsin Construction Site Handbook is recommended for determining adequate erosion control
practices for the site.
The operation is going to be conducted in stages to minimize the total area exposed to erosion. Run-off should
not be a factor due to the flat topography of the site and less than one -foot high slopes.
15. A description of any areas which will be reclaimed on an interim basis sufficient to qualify for the waiver of fees,
Wisconsin Administrative Code, and release of financial assurance and which will be subsequently disturbed prior
to final reclamation. Descriptions shall include an identification of the proposed areas involved, methods of
reclamation to comply with the standards in Part II and timing of interim and final reclamation, as authorized by
s. NR 135.41(12), Wis. (NMMRO Section 13 (4)(i)).
Sequential interim reclamation will be done so as to minimize the area impacted and to reduce the fees. Once a
phase is completed and the area is stabilized Ken LaCoy will request of the Sawyer County Regulatory authority
that the area be considered temporarily reclaimed for the purposes of reduction of fees.
16. The reclamation plan shall contain criteria for assuring successful reclamation in accordance with s. 11(8),
(NMMRO Section 13(5)).
Performance standards are based on protecting against erosion, protecting groundwater and surface
water.
One year after an area has been reclaimed a representative of Sawyer County Land and Water Conservation will
determine if percent of vegetative cover is adequate. Any unacceptable areas are to be fixed by the operator and
a return visit by a LWC representative will determine if the site is acceptable and financial assurance can be
released.
17, The operator shall provide a signed certification that reclamation will be carried out in accordance with the
reclamation plan. The operator shall also certify that the Best Management Practices are installed and
maintained. The landowner and lessee, if different from the operator, shall also provide signed certification that
they concur with the reclamation plan and will allow its implementation.
In the following situations, the landowner and lessee, if different from the mine operator, are not required to submit
a written certification. The operator shall provide written evidence that the landowner and lessee, if different from
the operator, have been provided with a written copy of the reclamation plan, and that:
a. The mine operator has submitted a reclamation plan for an existing in accordance with
Sawyer County Non -Metallic Mining Reclamation Ordinance Section 12.20, or
b. The operator has submitted a reclamation plan for a new or reopened mine in accordance
with Sawyer County Non -Metallic Mining Reclamation Ordinance Section 12,30 which is
located on land for which a lease agreement or memorandum of lease between the
landowner and applicant was recorded prior to August 1, 2001 (NMMRO Section 13(6)).
I. (operator) certify that reclamation will be carried out in accordance with
the reclamation plan and the required Best Management Practices are installed and maintained.
Operator Signature
Date
I, _biz. L a (� y y , (landowner) certify that I have received a copy of the reclamation plan,
read it and understand it, I further certify that I concur with the reclamation plan and will allow its implementation,
Landowner ure
Landowner Signature
`Date
Date
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BASS LAKE'SW' PAGE 22
r✓' TONE LAKE REALTY
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REALTY
CAREN
BUSINESS (715) 885-6036
TEOANMOORT
TOLL FREE (800) 322-0529
SALES A880CIATE
FAX (715)885-8040
Webelte. www.stanclakeresity.com CELL 612-812-7870
136 W. Hwy 70 • PO Box 38
E-Mall
Stonel-akeRealty®aol.com
Stoke Laka, WI 84878
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Hayward. Wiscansin 54843
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Name: BEAN LAKEµ Location: 045' 57' 49.2" N 091' 30' 48.3" W J
Date: 4/3/103 Caption: LaCoy Pit
Scale: 1 inch equals 800 feet
Copyright (0) 1997, Maptech, Inc
Critical Area Planting
(Acre)
Code 342
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Conservation Practice Standard
1. Definition
Planting vegetation, such as trees, shrubs, vines,
grasses, fortis, or legumes on highly erodible or
critically eroding areas.
II. Purposes
The purposes of this practice are to revegetate bare soils
and stabilize eroding sites.
Ill. Conditions Where Practice Applies
This practice applies to sites where bare soils and erosion
are found in conjunction with agriculture, construction,
forestry, mining, and wetland restoration activities and
where natural revegetation is unlikely to occur.
This practice does not apply to tree planting mainly for
wood products.
IV. Federal, State and Local Lawns
Critical area planting practices shall comply with all
federal, state and local laws, rules or regulations. The
operator is responsible for securing required permits.
This standard does not contain the text of the federal,
state or local laws.
V. Criteria
A. Site Assessment - A site assessment shall be
conducted, documented, and incorporated into
the design. The assessment shall be performed
to determine physical site characteristics that
will influence the appropriate seeding mixture
and establishment procedures. The site
assessment shall include evaluation of: soil
characteristics, aspect, slope, exposure to
sunlight, proximity to natural plant
communities, proximity to nuisance, noxious
and/or invasive species, site history, moisture
regime, climatic patterns, soil fertility, and
previous herbicide applications.
B, Site Preparation - Site preparation activities
shall include:
Slope Stabilization - Grade to a stable slope
when shaping. For slopes steeper than 2H:1 V,
special practices such as soil hiaengineerrng
may be required. These practices shall follow
approved design procedures located in the
NRCS Engineering Field Handbook (EFH),
Chapter 18. Eliminate all overlalls. The toe of
the slope, or the outlet of the concentrated flow
channel, shall be stable before attempting
seeding on the slope. In some cases,
concentrated flow may need to be diverted
during establishment period.
2. Topsoiling - A minimum of 4 in. of friable soil
material or topsoil shall be added and mixed to
exposed rocky, sandy, gravelly, shaley material,
or extremely fine textured subsoil.
3. Seedbed Preparation - Do not use conventional
tillage where desirable vegetation is already
present or where the site is environmentally
sensitive.
During recommended seeding periods seedbed
preparation shall immediately follow
construction activities. For seeding outside
recommended seeding periods other erosion
control methods such as applying mulch or
seeding temporary cover, shall be performed.
Seedbed preparation methods include:
a. Conventional Tillage - Prepare a tilled, fine,
but firm seedbed. The seedbed shall
contain enough fine soil particles for
uniform shallow coverage of the seed and
contact with moisture and nutrients.
When preparing a site for native species, it
is important to have a firm seedbed.
CuIti1)ack or roll before and after seeding if
broadcast,
b. No -Till - Control existing vegetation
through mowing, burning, or herbicide
Conservation Practice Standards are rovewed periodically and updated if needed. To Main the current version of this standard, NRCS, W I
contact your local NRCS offce or the W5ccrtsin Land and Water Conservation Association office, Madison, Wl, at (6t18) 833-1833. 5/00
'Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used in the text
342-2
application. If desirable species are mixture containing a minimum of 30
present, consider spot treatment to control seeds/fi
unwanted species.
(2) For wet-mesic and wet sites; Seed
4. Fertilization mixtures may be developed from
Agronomy Technical Note 5 using the
a. When using introduced species on dry, dry- following guidelines. For seeding at
mesic, and mesic sites, ensure proper pH these sites, select 8 species, with a
and fertility. In lieu of soil testing, apply a minimum of 3 from forbs and 3 from
minimum of 1501bs. Of 20-10-10, and 2 grass/sedge/rush. Apply a minimum of
tons of 80-85 lime or equivalent. 16 oz. PLS per acre.
b. For native species, fertilizer and lime are b. Seed Mixtures - Introduced species
not recommended. Plant mixtures that are potentially invasive
and harmful to native plant communities
C. Seeding shall be evaluated prior to seeding. See
Table 5 for standard seeding mixtures for
1. Seed Selection - Seeding rates are based on introduced species. See Table 6 for
pounds or ounces of Pure Live Seed (PLS) per guidelines for custom seeding mixtures for
acre. Where seed germination and purity can introduced species. When designing a
not be assured, a waiver will be required from custom mixture, 50% of the mixture must
the State Agronomist. be grass.
Use introduced species only in places where
2. Concentrated Flow Channels - For dry, dry -
mesic, and mesic sites seed introduced
they will not spread into existing natural areas.
For example, a dam is constructed in the middle
species. For wet-mesic sites, consider using
of a pasture that is composed of bluegrass,
native species. For wet sites use native
quackgrass and smooth brome grass. Since
species.
abundant introduced species surround the dam,
it could be seeded with either the standard mesic
3. Inoculation - Legume seed shall be
native mixture composed of native species or
inoculated in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations. When
introduced species mix #6, which is composed
of introduced species. Another example is if an
seeding with a hydroseeder, the amount of
embankment is constructed as part of a wetland
inoculant shall be increased 5 times the
recommended rate. Inoculant shall not be
restoration which is adjacent to an existing
natural wetland. Introduced species would grow
mixed with liquid fertilizer.
in this location, but due to the presence of the
natural wetland, the embankment shall be
4. Methods - Seed grasses and legumes no
seeded with a native species mix.
more than'/a in. deep. Distribute seed
uniformly. Mixtures with low seeding rates
a. Seed mixtures -Native Species
require special care in sowing to achieve
proper seed distribution. Seed may be
Where available, local genotype species are
broadcast or drilled., as appropriate for the
site. If drilled, proper calibration is
preferred. Refer to Agronomy Technical
essential.
Note 5 and the following guidelines to
develop your seed mixture, considering cost
and availability of seed. Example seed
5. Seeding Dates -Tables 1 and 2 show
mixtures are shown in Table
typical dates for normal seasons. Specific
seasonal conditions may require
(1) For dry, dry-mesic, and mesic sites:
adjustments to the seeding dates. Date of
seeding is a critical factor in detemi ring
For these mixtures select: 4 grasses (a
minimum total of 80 oz. (5 lb.)/acre of
whether a seeding will succeed or fail. The
grass seed, each grass to be seeded at a
specific date that provides the best chance
for success will vary from year to year with
minimum of 8 oz./acre), plus 5 forbs,
including 1 legume. Forbs must be
prevailing moisture and temperature
seeded at a minimum of 6 seedslflx.
conditions. Planting at either end of the
allowable range is riskier than the middle of
This guideline should result in a
the range. See Figure 1 for planting zones.
NRCS, W I
5/00
342 - 3
Central
Figure 1
d�
e
North Bayfleld 111
99PT Douglas Ashland Irr n
�fLf D
Washburn j Sawyer MISS
f
Buman p • Florence
Taylor
St. Croix Dunn
Pletce Eau Claire
h
Buffalo 7}ale�.
paeiaeu
Jellison
Monroe
LaCro
Vernon
nce Farea'
Oneida
Marinette
Lincoln
Langlade t
Marathon rmm
Shawano
D
Wood Portage Waupace lbw'
Oulagamte naa
Juneau Ad. Waushara Whsnabaga Mantlowbi
I `•••• Fond du let
9
Columbia podge
Weslf
Ington
Grant .. .. w
ke
SouthLafayette Green Rock WaMrorth Racine
l NRC 5 00
342 - 4
Table 1 -Seeding Date/Ranges for Native Mixtures
Fall DormantSeeding
Spring Seeding
Northern
Thaw - 7/15
10/8 - Snow Cover
Zone
Central
Thaw - 6/30
10/15 - Snow Cover
Zone
Southern
Thaw - 6/30
11/1 - Snow Cover
Zone
Table 2 - Seeding Date Ranges for Introduced Grasses
and Legumes
further seedbed preparation is required.
Frost seeding shall not be made on areas
covered with ice or snow. Do not frost seed
into winter wheat or winter rye.
6. Companion Crop - Where erosion is a
concern, a companion crop or mulching
will be used.
a. For Introduced Mixtures - Oats, barley,
winter wheat, rye, or spring wheat shall
be seeded at the rate of V/z
bushels/acre in the spring or fall.
Annual rye grass may be used in lieu of
small grain at the rate of 3 lb/acre.
With the exception of annual ryegrass,
the companion crop shall be mowed
before heading. Mow 8 - 10 in. high to
avoid harm to the permanent seeding.
b. For Native Mixtures - Where planting a
companion crop, use a mixture which
Spring Late Summer
contains: Canada Wild Rye (Blymus
canadensis), seeded at 1-2 lbs.
PLS/acre or Side -oats Grama
North 5/1 - 6/15 7/15 - 8/10
(Boutelouen cunpendula), seeded at 1-
- — —
2 lbs. PLS/acre, or Oats (Avena sativa)
Central 4/15 - 6/1 8/1 - 8/21
seeded at'/s bushel/acre (spring only).
7. Temporary Cover Crop - Areas needing
South 4/1 - 5/15 8/7 - 8/29
protection during periods when permanent
seedings are riot made shalt be seeded to
annual species for temporary protection.
a. Dormant Seeding - Dormant seeding for
See Table 3 for seeding rates. The residue
from this crop may either be incorporated
introduced specie plantings occur when
into the soil during seedbed preparation at
construction is completed and seedbeds are
the next perma neat seeding period or left on
prepared between the end of the late
the soil surface and the planting made as a
summer seeding period and November 1.
no -till seeding or frost seeding. Do not
Seeding will be done after November 1.
seed temporary covers after October 15 in
These seeding dates are risky. A split
the southern and central zones and October
application of seed may also be made, using
1 in the northern zone.
half in November and the balance in the
early spring.
Table 3 -Temporary Cover Crop
b. Frost Seeding - Frost seeding is only
available for introduced specie plantings.
Frost seeding is sowing the seed on the soil
surface that has been made friable by
freezing and thawing. The soil surface is
usually "honeycombed" with small cracks.
These seeding are made beginning in late
February and March in the south through
mid April in the north. Seeding is on .
seedbeds which were prepared in the fall
and were limed, fertilized, and mulched
according to needs, and where a fall
seeding of an annual crop may have been
established for temporary protection. No
NRCS, W I
5/00
Species
Rate/Acre
Oats
3 bushels
Corn (drilled)
3 bushels
Sudangrass
35 pounds
Cereal Rye
2 bushels
Winter Wheat'
2 bushels
Annual Ryegrass
25 pounds
Rye and winter wheat will be destroyed by seedbed
Preparation at next permanent seeding period.
342-5
8. Mulching - Construction that exposes sand,
gravel, or rocky material shall be mulched after
seeding. Steep areas that are topsoiled shall be
mulched. After the seeding period has passed,
mulch shall be applied for protection on all
disturbed areas subject to erosion. If companion
or temporary cover crops are being used,
mulching may not be necessary unless site
conditions dictate the use. Mulch shall be
applied following criteria outlined in NRCS
Field Office Technical Guide (FOTG) Section
IV, Standard 484, Mulching,
9. Protection - Protect all critical area plantings
from animals and traffic (vehicle or foot) during
the establishment period. In some cases, silt
fences and/or erosion control malting/netting
may be needed to protect the seeding.
VI. Considerations
A. Consider seeding at a lower rate and making 2
passes to ensure adequate coverage. Check seed
boxes regularly to ensure even distribution.
B. Heavy traffic and/or compacted soil areas may
need special site preparation prior to seeding.
C. Sprigs, root stocks, crowns, cones, culms, and
sod may be considered where appropriate.
D. Woody shrubs or trees may be used only after
initial stabilization. Plant in accordance with
the purpose of the planting. See NRCS FOTG
Section IV, Standard 612 - Tree Planting,
Standard 562 - Recreation Area Improvement,
Standard 580 - Streambank and Shoreland
Protection, and the DNR Interim Best
Management Practice Shoreline Habitat
Restoration for Developed Areas. Also see
NRCS Engineering Field Handbook, Chapter
16, Streambank and Shoreline Protection and
Chapter 18, Soil Bioengineering for Upland
Slope Protection and Erosion Reduction.
E. Consider using carriers such as vermiculite,
sawdust, and soybean meal to increase volume
and weight for uniform distribution.
F. Consider limited or no use of herbicides one
year prior to seeding. If herbicides must be
used, be sure there is no potential for carryover.
VII. Plans and Specifications
Specifications for establishment and operation of this
practice shall be prepared for each field or treatment unit
according to the Criteria, Consideration, and Operation
and Maintenance sections described in this standard.
Specifications shall be recorded using approved
specification sheets, job sheets, narrative statements in
the conservation plan, or other acceptable
documentation.
Vlll. Operation and Maintenance
A. Noxious weeds and other undesirable species
must be controlled at all sites. During the first
year, mow native plantings at 30=day intervals
or when weeds are 18"-24" high. Mowing
height should range from 6"-12". Spot spraying
or hand pulling may be needed for some
noxious species such as Thistles and Purple
loosestrife.
B. Sites may require periodic maintenance
consisting of mowing, burning, or herbicide
treatment.
C. Sites should be inspected periodically to ensure
objectives are being met.
IX. References
Curtis, J. T. 1959. The Vegetation of Wisconsin: an
ordination ofplant communities. University of
Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, 657pp.
Henderson, R. A. 1995, Plant Species Composition of
Wisconsin Prairies: an Aid to Selecting Species for
Plantings and Restorations Based Upon University of
Wisconsin -Madison Plant Ecology Laboratory Data.
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Technical
Bulletin No. 188.
Ladd, D. and Oberle, F. 1995. Tallgrass Prairie
Wildflowers, A Field Guide. The Nature Conservancy,
Nichols, S. and Entine, L. 1976. Prairie Primer.
University of Wisconsin - Extension, publication G2736,
44pp.
Packard, S. and Mutel, C. 1997. The Tallgrass
Restoration Handbookfor Prairies, Savannas and
Woodlands. Society for Ecological Restoration, 463pp,
NRCS, W 1
5/00
342-6
Rock, H. W. 1971. Prairie Propogation Handbook.
Boerner Botanical Gardens, 60pp.
United States Department of Agriculture - Natural
Resources Conservation Service. Engineering Field
Handbook, Chapters 16 and 18.
United States Department of Agriculture - Natural
Resources Conservation Service -Wisconsin, Agronomy
Technical Note 5.
United States Department of Agriculture - Natural
Resources Conservation Service. Wisconsin Field Office
Technical Guide, Section IV, Standards 612, 562, and
484.
X. Definitions
Soil Bioengineering (V.B.1) Practice of combining
mechanical, biological and ecological concepts to arrest
and prevent shallow slope failures and erosion.
Dry Prairies (V.C.l.a.(1)) Dry Prairies occur mostly on
somewhat excessively drained and excessively drained
soils. This would include soils such as; Sparta, Impact
and Plainfield.
DryMesic Prairies (V.C.1.a.(1)) Dry-Mesic prairies are
transitional prairies between Dry Prairie and Mesic
Prairie. They occur on some somewhat excessively
drained and some well drained soils. Examples of Dry-
Mesic soils would include Billett, Dickinson and Rassett.
Genotype (V.C. La) A group of individual plants which
share a specified genetic makeup. For example, all big
bluestem plants that are genetically adapted to grow and
mature in the climatic conditions found in the driftless
region could be considered a genotype.
NRCS, WI
5/00
Introduced Species (V.C.1.) Plant species that
historically would not have been found in North America
until they were brought here by travelers from other parts
of the world. This would include smooth bromegrass and
alfalfa. Some of these species may have a wide
distribution such as Kentucky bluegrass.
Mesic Prairie (V.C.l.a.(1)) Mesic Prairies will be found
on most moderately well and well drained soils which
have moderate to very high Available Water Capacity.
Mesic Prairies also occur on some somewhat poorly
drained soils with low or very low available water
capacity or perched water tables. Mesic prairies would be
expected on soils such as; Markham, Varna, Parr, Plano,
Dresden, Warsaw, Tama, and Downs.
Native Species (V.B.3.a.) Plants species that historically
would have been found growing in North America such
as Big bluestem or Green needle -grass.
Pure Live Seed (PLS) (V.C.1.) A relative value
representing the quality of the seed of a given specie.
PLS is calculated by multiplying the percent germination
times the percent purity.
Wet-Mesic Prairie (V.C.l.a.(2)) Wet-Mesic prairies are
transitional between Wet Prairie and Mesic Prairie. Most
Wet-Mesic Prairies occur on somewhat poorly drained
soils. Wet-Mesic Prairies would occur on soils such as
Beecher, Elliott, Lamartine, Locke, Elburn, Kane,
Matherton, Muscatine, Curran and Rawley.
Wet Prairie (V.C.La.(2)) Wet prairies occur on soils
with poor and very poor drainage. They can also be
found on some frequently flooded sites. Wet prairies can
be found on soils such as; Ashkum, Barry, Brookston,
Ossian, Pella, Sebewa, Garwin and Ettrick.
342 - 7
Table 4 - Example Seeding Mixtures for Native Species 1
Site Type
Common Name
Genus and species
Plant Type
Seeding Rate in
oz/acre PLS
Little bluestem
Schizachyrium scoparium
Grass
32
Big bluestem
Andropogon gerardii
Grass
24
Side -oats grama
Bouteloua curtipendula
Grass
16
Switchgrass
Panicum virgatum
Grass
8
Dry
Sand dropseed
Sporobolus cryptandrus
Grass
4
Rough blazing star
Liatris aspera
Forb
1•
Evening primrose
Oenothera biennis
Forb
1
Prairie cinquefoil
Potentilla arguta
Forb
1
Black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta
Forb
1
Purple prairie clover
Dalea p urea
Legume
2
Side -oats grama
Bouteloua curtipendula
Grass
24
Little bluestem
Schizachyrium scoparium
Grass
24
Switchgrass
Panicum virgatum
Grass
16
Sand dropseed
Sporobolus cryptandrus
Grass
16
Dry
Rough blazing star
Liatris aspera
Forb
1
Spotted bee balm
Monarda punctata
Forb
1
Black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta
Forb
0.25
Hoary vervain
Verbena stricta
Forb
0.25
Purple prairie clover
Dalea purpurea
Legume
3
Side -oats grama
Bouteloua curtipendula
Grass
20
Little bluestem
Schizachyrium scoparium
Grass
20
Big bluestem
Andropogon gerardii
Grass
16
Indian grass
Sorgastrum nutans
Grass
16
Switchgrass
Panicum virgatum
Grass
8
Dry-
Sand dropseed
Sporobolus cryptandrus
Grass
4
Mesic
Rough blazing star
Liatris aspera
Forb
2
Yellow cone flower
Ratibida pinnata
Forb
1.5
Evening primrose
Oenothera biennis
Forb
1
Butterfly milkweed
Asclepias tuberosa
Forb
1
Black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta
Forb
0.5
Illinois tick trefoil
Desmodium illinoense
Legume
10
Big bluestem
Andropogon gerardii
Grass
24
Little bluestem
Schizachyrium scoparium
Grass
24
Indian grass
Sorgastrum nutans
Grass
24
Dry_
Switchgrass
Panicum virgatum
Grass
8
Mesic
Heath aster
Aster ericoides
Forb
0.5
Bergamot
Monarda fistulosa
Forb
0.5
Black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta
Forb
0.25
Pale spiked lobelia
Lobelia spicata
Forb
0.1
Round -headed bush -clover I
Lespedeza capitata I
Legume
5
1 Consult Agronomy Technical Note 5 and Section IV.C.l.a.(1) for guidelines for species substitution.
NRCS, WI
5/00
342 - 8
Table 4 (continued
Site Type
Common Name
Genus and species
Plant Type
Seeding Rate in
oz/acre PLS
Indian grass
Sorgastrum nutans
Grass
24
Big bluestem
Andropogon gerardii
Grass
16
Canada wild rye
Elymus canadensis
Grass
16
Little bluestem
Schizachyrium scoparium
Grass
16
Switchgrass
Panicum virgatum
Grass
8
Oxeye Sunflower
Heliopsis helianthoides
Forb
2
Prairie blazing star
Liatris pycnostachya
Forb
2
Mesic
Yellow cone flower
Ratibida pinnata
Forb
1.5
Cupplant
Silphium perfoliatum
Forb
1
Golden Alexander
Zizia aurea
Forb
1
Prairie cinquefoil
Potentilla arguta
Forb
0.5
Black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta
Forb
0.5
Evening primrose
Oenothera biennis
Forb
0.25
Purple prairie clover
Dalea purpurea
Legume
1.5
Canada milk vetch
Aslra alas canadensis
Le ume
1
Big bluestem
Andropogon gerardii
Grass
24
Indian grass
Sorgastrum nutans
Grass
24
Switchgrass
Panicum virgatum
Grass
16
Little bluestem
Schizachyriuin scoparium
Grass
16
Mesic
New England aster
Aster novae-angliae
Forb
1
Bergamot
Monarda fistuloua
Forb
1
Yellow cone flower
Ratibida pinata
Forb
1
Black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta
Forb
0.5
Purple prairie clover
Dalea purpurea
Legume
2.5
Indian grass
Sorgastrum nutans
Grass
26
Big bluestem
Andropogon gerardii
Grass
26
Canada wild rye
Elymus canadensis
Grass
18
Switchgrass
Panicum vergatum
Grass
8
Fowl mannagrass
Glyceria striata
Grass
1
Prairie cordgrass
Spartina pectinata
Grass
1
Wet-
Cupplant
Silphium perfoliatum
Forb
2
Mesic
Yellow cone flower
Ratibida pinnata
Forb
1.5
Golden Alexander
Zizia aurea
Forb
1
Bergamot
Monarda fistulosa
Forb
1
Boneset
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Forb
0.5
Black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta
Forb
0.6
Common Ironweed
Vemonia fasciculata
Forb
0.5
Sawtooth sunflower
Helianthus grosseserratus
Forb
0.1
Canada milk vetch
Astea alas canadensis
Le ume
3
Big Bluestem
Andropogon gerardii
Grass
16
Switchgrass
Panicum virgatum
Grass
8
Little Bluestein
Schizachyrium scoparium
Grass
18
Prairie Dropseed
Sporobolus heterolepis
Grass
20
Canada Wild Rye
Elymus canadensis
Grass
18
Yellow Coneflower
Ratibida pinnata
Forb
1.5
Wet
Blue Vervain
Verbena hastata
Forb
1
Mesic
Prairie Blazing Star
Liatris pycnostachya
Forb
3
Virginia Mt. Mint
Pycamhemum virginianum
Forb
1
Prairie Dock
Silphiuin terebinthinaceum
Forb
2
New England Aster
Aster novae-anglia
Forb
1
Bergamot
Monarda fistulosus
Forb
1
Black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta'
Forb
0.5
Showy Tick Trefoil
Desmodium canadense
Legume
1
White Wild Indi
igo
Ba tesia lactea
Legume
2
NRCS, W I
5/00
342-9
Table 4 (continued)
Site Type
Common Name
Genus and species
Plant Type
Seeding Rate in
ozJacre PLS
Rice Cutgrass
Leersia oryzoides
Grass
2
Prairie Cordgrass
Spartina pectinata
Grass
2
Fowl Mannagrass
Glyceria stipata
Grass
2
Wool Grass
Scirpus cyperinus
Sedge
1
Fox Sedge
Carex vulpinoidea
Sedge
2
Wet
Great Blue Lobelia
Lobelia siphilitica
Forb
0.5
Joe-Pye Weed
Eupatorium maculatum
Forb
2
Blue Vervain
Verbena hastata
Forb
2
Sneezeweed
Helenium autumnale
Forb
1
Marsh Milkweed
Asclepias incarnata
Forb
2
Spotted Touch-me-not
Impatiens ca ensis
Annual
2
Canada Bluejoint
Calamagrostis canadensis
Grass
1.5
Giant Mannagrass
Glyceria grandis
Grass
3
Virginia Wild Rye
Elymus virginicus
Grass
16
Awl -fruited Sedge
Carex stipata
Sedge
2
Common Rush
Juncus effusus
Rush
1
Wet
Great St. Johns Wort
Hypericum pyramidatum
Forb
0.5
Nodding Beggarstick
Bidens coronata
Forb
1
Blue Vervain
Verbena hastata
Forb
2
Culver's Root
Veronicastrum virginicum
Forb
0.25
Virginia Mt. Mint
Pycanthernum tenuifolium
Forb
1
Boneset j
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Forb
2
NRCS, WI
5/00
342 - 10
Table 5 - Example Seeding Mixtures for Introduced Species
Mix #
Common Name
Genus & Species
Seeding Rate in
lb./ac PLS
Smooth Bromegrass
Bromus inermis
10
1 - Dry-Mesic and
Creeping Red Fescue
Festuca rubra
3
Mesic Sites
Alfalfa
Medicago sativa
3
Red Clover
Trifolium pratense
3
2 - Dry-Mesic and
Smooth Bromegrass
Bromus inermis
15
Mesic Sites
Alfalfa
Medica o sativa
3
Smooth Broniegrass
Bromus inermis
5
3 - Mesic Sites
Creeping Red Fescue
Festuca rubra
2
Kentucky bluegrass
Poa pratensis
2
Birdsfoot trefoil
Lotus corniculatus
2
4 - Mesic Sites
Smooth Bromegrass
Bromus inermis
15
Creeping Red Fescue
Festuca rubra.
2
5 - Mesic Sites
Kentucky Bluegrass
Poa pratensis
4
Creeping Red Fescue
Festuca rubra
3
Smooth Bromegrass
Bromus inermis
14
Timothy
Phleum pratense
1
6 - Mesic Sites
Red Clover
Trifolium pratense
2
OR Alsike Clover
Trifolium hybridum
1
OR Birdsfoot trefoil
Lotus corniculatus
2
Redtop
Agrostis alba
1
7 - Wet Mesic Sites
Timothy
Phleum pratense
2
Red Clover
Trifolium pratense
5
8 - Wet Sites
Redtop
Agrostis alba
2
Alsike Clover
I Trifolium hvbridum 1
2
NRCS, WI
5/00
342 - 11
Table 6 - Custom Seeding Mixture for Introduced Species 1
Genus and species
Name
Plant Type
Moisture Regime
Single Species
Seeding Rate
(lb/ac PLS)
Deep rooted
species
Bromus inermis
Smooth bromegrass
Grass
DM, M. WM
20
yes
Agrostis alba
Redtop
Grass
4
----
Festuca rubra
Creeping red fescue
Grass
5
----
Festuca rubra ssp falax
Chewin s red fescue
Grass
5
----
Festuca arundinacea
'Tall fescue
Grass
10
yes
Phleum pratense
'Timothy
Grass
8
----
Poa pratensis
Kentucky bluegrass
Grass
M, WM
8
--
.Lotus comiculatus
Birdsfoot trefoil
Legume
.M, WM
6
----
Medica o sativa
Alfalfa
Legume
D, DM, M
12
yes
'Trifolium hvbridum
Alsike clover
Legume
3
---
Trifolium pratense
Red clover
Le ume
DM, M, WM
10
----
Trifolium repens
Ladino clover ILegume
M, WM
3
—
It is required that at least 50% of the custom mixture is composed of grass.
Example: A seed mixture of 50% red clover, 25% bromegrass, and 25% red fescue is desired. What would be the seeding
rate of each specie in the mixture in pounds of Pure Live Seed (PLS)?
To solve this problem, take the pure stand seeding rate in PLS pounds per acre for each specie, multiply this value times the
percent of that specie desired in the mixture and the answers will be the seeding rates of each specie in pounds of PLS per
acre.
Specie
Pure Stand Seeding Rate
Red Clover 10
Bromegrass 20
Red Fescue 5
Percent in Mix
50%
25%
25%
Seeding Rate Pounds
PLS/acre for Mixture
Total pounds PLS/acre = 11.25
5
5
1.25
MRCS, WI
5/00
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE
MULCHING (ACRE)
Definition
Applying plant residues or other suitable materials not produced on
the site to the soil surface.
Purpose
To conserve moisture, prevent surface compaction or crusting, reduce
runoff and erosion, control weeds, and help establish plant cover.
Where ARPlicable
On soils subject to erosion on which low -residue -producing crops such
as grapes and small fruits are grown; on critical areas; and on soils
that -have a low infiltration rate.
specifications
)1, General
Concentrated flow of runoff water from areas above those to be
mulched shall be diverted before mulch is applied. Mulch shall be
applied uniformly to both seeded and unseeded areas and anchored
in place. When applied to seeded areas, mulch shall be applied
immediately after seeding. Mulch shall be applied to unseeded
areas and secured in place within 48 hours after completion of
construction when soil conditions permit.. (Such areas are usually
seeded or receive other treatment at a later date.)
2. Mulch Materials
a. Mulch shall consist of straw or hay that is reasonably free
from -grain, weed seed, mold, or long-fibered wood cellulose.
The mulch may be applied by hand, blower, or other suitable
equipment. Straw of winter wheat or rye is preferable to
spring -seeded grains, as fewer weed seeds generally are
present,,
b. Excelsior retention blankets or similar materials may be used
in place of straw mulch in areas where water concentratesc
USDA-SCS-Wisconsin
Section IV
Technical Guide
07/87
484-2
c. Heavy jute matting may be used in place of straw mulch in
areas where water concentrates.
d. Wood cellulose fiber mulch may be used in place of straw mulch
when applied with a hydroseeder.
e. Other materials may be used such as wood chips, wood bark,
-corncobs, sawdust, gravel, or long-fibered wood cellulose.
3. Preparation forMulching
All areas to be mulched shall be reasonably smooth and free of
sticks, stumps, and stones larger than 3 inches in diameter; and
free of rills and gullies. If the area to be mulched is to be
seeded, see Critical Area Planting (342) for seedbed preparation
seed mixtures and application of lime and fertilizer.
4. Rate of Mulch
Straw and hay mulch shall be applied at the rate of 1 1/2-2 tons
per acre. This amount is 6 to 7 stems thick. Some soil can be
seen.
Wood chips or wood bark shall be applied at the rate of 6-9 tons
per acre.
Wood cellulose fiber mulch, applied with a hydroseeder, shall be
applied at the rate of 1,500-2,000 pounds per acre. Apply a
tackifier when the slope exceeds 3 to 1.
Long-fibered wood cellulose shall be applied at the rate of 3/4- 1
1/4 tons per acre.
Corncobs shall be applied at the rate of 5 tons per acre.
Gravel shall be applied approximately 2 inches deep and shall
consist of pieces 3/4 to 2 inches in diameter.
5. Anchoring Straw and Hay Mulch
Regardless of the anchoring method used it shall be done at the
time of or immediately followin the -application of the mulch.
Use one of the following methods for anchoring mulch.
a. Punch mulch into soil with a dull, weighted disk. Chopped
straw is preferable if this is done. The preferred method is
to use an anchoring tool that has a serrated straight disk
that punches mulch into the ground, to a depth of approxi-
mately 2 inches. Anchor at right angle to the slope.
USDA-SCS-Wisconsin
Section IV
Technical Guide
07/87
484-3
b. Bituminous material. Use asphalt emulsion in accordance with
manufacturer's recommendations. The mulch may be treated with
a bituminous material that conforms to the requirements of
type SS-1 of the standard specification for emulsified asphalt
AASHO designation: M140.
Emulsified asphalt will not be used when air temperatures are
below 32 F (0 C). Follow manufacturer's recommendations on
mixing and temperature control. The materials shall be blown
from a machine and uniformly deposited over the area in one
operation.
The 1 1/2 tons per acre of mulching materials shall be applied
to a loose depth of 1 to 2 inches on the soil surface, using a
minimum 150 gallons of emulsified asphalt per acre. This is 1
gallon for each 20 pounds of straw.
The machine used for placement of mulch shall blow or eject by
constant air stream a controlled amount of straw or hay. It
shall also introduce into the air stream a spray of asphalt.
The amount of asphalt shall be sufficient to partially coat
the mulch material and produce a spotty tack thereon which
hold the mulch in place.
Mulch materials shall not contain moisture in excess of that
which will.permit uniform feeding through the machine.
c. Wood cellulose fiber mulch may also be used to secure straw or
hay. The rate shall be 750 pounds per acre applied over the
straw or hay.
d. Use of paper, jute, or polypropylene netting materials applied
and anchored in place in accordance with manufacturer's recom-
mendations.
e. Small areas of mulch can be covered with loose soil.
f. Mulch may be tied down by using stakes and string. Drive 10-
inch stakes about 8 inches into the soil every 4 feet in a
square pattern. Stretch string over mulch between stakes on
both a square and criss-cross pattern. Secure string to
stakes. String should consist of binder twine, or its equiva-
lent.
g. Hay and straw mulch tackifiers may be used.,' Follow manufac-
turer's recommendations for rates and application methods.
USDA-SCS-Wisconsin
Section I-V
Technical Guide
07/87'
484-4
6. Laying Excelsior Retention Blankets
Excelsior soil retention blankets or similar materials shall be
applied according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Ferti-
lizer and seed shall be applied before the blankets are laid.
When more.than one width is required, and on ends, provide a mini-
mum 4-inch overlap. Lay downstream blankets first, working
upstream. The netting side of the blanket shall be on the top
side.
7. Layin_ Heavy Jute Matti
Jute matting, when used, shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.: One-half of the specified amounts
of seed shall be sown prior to installation of the jute and the
remaining seed after installation of'the matting.
Jute matting shall be applied only on smooth, loose surfaces.
After laying, stapling or fastening, and seeding, roll the jute
matting to provide proper contact between the soil and the jute.
8. Applying Polypropylene Nettin
Polypropylene netting may be used, in conjunction with straw or
hay, where runoff concentrates on areas where securing straw or
hay with bituminous materials is undesirable. Use in accordance
with manufacturer's recommendations. Fertilizer, seed, and straw
or hay mulch should be applied first. The netting is stapled over
the mulch.
9. Wood chips or wood bark may be used alone. (Average weight per
cubic yard is about 400 pounds. Thus, about 5 cubic yards equals
1 ton.) About 10 to 12 pounds of nitrogen (N) needs to be applied
per ton of mulch when wood chips are used in order to have N
available for plant growth.
10. Other Materials (Corncobs, sawdust, or gravel)
These materials make a suitable mulch for specific purposes and
are generally used only on small areas.
oil
in
Area Seed Dealers
Chetek Feed and Farm Supply
646 Banks St. Chetek
(715) 924-4588
Exeland Feed Mill
Exeland
(715) 943-2691
Hayward Feed and Seed
15944 Hwy 63 S. Hayward
(715)634-9875
Northern Lakes Feeds
10494 Wisconsin Ave. Hayward
(715) 634-2384
Area Mulch Dealers
American Excelsior Co.
831 Pioneer Ave. Rice Lake
(715) 234-6861
1-800-777-SOIL
Area Nurseries
Hayward State Nursery
16133 W. Nursery Rd. Hayward
(715) 634-2717
http: //www. dnr.state.wi. us/org/land/forestry/Nursery/order/index.htm
Loon Call Nursery
10663 N. McClain Rd. Hayward
(715)462-9298
Wali Nursery
Route 9, Box 9089 Hayward
(715) 266-3965
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